Neuter nouns of the THIRD DECLENSION add the following case endings to their stem to indicate number and case. belonging to a gender category that contains (among other things) female beings. τὸ ὕδωρ, ὕδατος water (stem ὑδατ-); cf. b. •1• Feminine Nouns of the 1st Declensionl • Ancient Greek Lesson 1. The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 6,464 total. Share. Review the persistent accent rules for nouns. (i.e. The goddess does not allow night to be present. 1. Each pattern includes as examples one noun stressed on the ultima(last syllable), one stressed on the penult(second syllable from the end), Tap to unmute. τὸ οὖς, ὠτός ear (stem ὠτ-); cf. Remember that when a definite article accompanies a noun, both must parse the same. This pattern applies to both the neuter noun and its definite article. The god of light is giving back breath to the bodies. The gender of a noun can be recognized by its ending. Fundamental » All languages » Greek » Lemmas » Nouns » Nouns by gender » Feminine nouns. For the following sentences, provide the correct masculine, feminine, or neuter definite article to accompany each noun (i.e, match each noun in gender, number, and case). This is the DEFINITE ARTICLE for all FEMININE NOUNS (S 332; GPH p. 41). This monosyllabic noun is accented like ὁ, ἡ παῖς, παιδός, i.e., the genitive plural is ὤτων. καλαθοσφαίριση. It’s important to distinguish between grammatical gender and natural gender. This is the DEFINITE ARTICLE for all NEUTER NOUNS (S 332; GPH p. 41). Part of Speech: Noun Case: Genitive Gender: Feminine Number: Singular Full Parsing Key This pattern applies to both the neuter noun and its definite article. IV. Dionysius Thrax on the Third Gender as “Neither,” and on the Possibility of Five Genders. ________ ἀγῶνας ________ ποδῶν καθιστᾶσιν. Memorize also the lesson vocabulary, and practice declining ἡ μυριάς -άδος; ἡ νύξ, νυκτός; τὸ φῶς, φωτός; τὸ χρῆμα -ατος. This is the DEFINITE ARTICLE for all FEMININE NOUNS (S 332; GPH p. 41). Whenever any NEUTER noun is the subject of a verb, the verb is regularly 3rd PERSON SINGULAR, even if the neuter subject is plural! Choose from 500 different sets of greek feminine nouns flashcards on Quizlet. This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 05:29. κακία. In such instances, the vocabulary entry includes both the masculine and feminine article. καὶ ________ ἐλπίδα καὶ ________ αἷμα ________ πατρίδι δίδωσι. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Greek_feminine_nouns&oldid=60863490, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The masculine and feminine nominative singular ordinarily ends in -ς, but has no ending in some nouns whose stems end in -ν-and -ντ-, and all nouns in -ρ: ἡγεμών, ἀκτίς (from * ἀκτίν-ς), γέρων (from * γέρωντ), γίγας (from * γίγαντ-ς), ῥήτωρ. 2. Recall that the definite article in Greek must match its noun in gender, number, and case. Fundamental » All languages » Greek » Lemmas » Nouns » Nouns by gender » Feminine nouns. Like many languages of the world, Greek nouns have grammatical gender, with a noun being either masculine, feminine, or neuter. Learning the gender of each noun is therefore essential, and must be memorized as part of vocabulary entry. For example: Since τ is a dental, the addition of a sigma to the stem (dat. I originally took this to mean that there were only three exceptions in all of Homeric Greek, but maybe they just mean three exceptions that are in the vocab they cover. φόλα. Dionysius … This monosyllabic noun is accented like ὁ, ἡ παῖς, παιδός, i.e., the genitive plural is φώτων. Ancient Greek in Action! Because there is a great deal of similarity between the forms for masculine and feminine nouns of the first declension, it is extremely important that you learn the appropriate article with each first declension noun. The neuter nominative, accusative, and … The word "sword" in Greek is feminine gender and the word"spirit" is neuter gender. The rulers are not giving hope and money to the offspring. In the first lesson, we learned a few Greek nouns: Articlesare those little words in front of the noun. The complement to feminine is masculine. ________ δαίμων ἐστὶν ________ σπέρμα ________ νυκτός. Greek nouns of feminine gender, i.e. Neuter nouns commonly end in -ο and -ι. singular forms: Ι. Memorize the feminine and neuter definitive articles and the lesson vocabulary, and practice declining each. There are a few exceptions to this : Some feminine nouns that come from ancient Greek (e.g., = vine). Ancient Greek nouns of feminine gender, i.e. Greek nouns of feminine gender, i.e. Greek Nouns. For each verb, give the person and number. Learning the Greek Nouns displayed below is vital to the language. a. But to be totally sure of the gender of a noun you have to learn it. Some feminine nouns in -ô have the genitive in -ūs. Recall that when a sigma follows a palatal, the result is the double consonant ξ: e.g., κ + σ = ξ (S 241). Lesson 5 - 1st Declension, Feminine Forms of the Definite Article, Feminine Nouns of the 2nd Declension, Masculine nouns of the First Declension, Nouns in the Attributive Position, Conditional Sentences 1st Declension : Most nouns of the first declension are feminine. For example: "And receive...the sword of the spirit which is the word of God"(Eph 6:17). einai efxaristhmenos - είναι ευχαριστημένος. – Ενικός αριθμός (eneekos areethmos)= singular – Πληθυντικός αριθμός (pleetheenteekos arithmos)= plural – Ονομ. Fundamental » All languages » Ancient Greek » Lemmas » Nouns » Nouns by gender » Feminine nouns. The Greek nouns have three genders: masculine (αρσενικά, arseni’ka), feminine (θηλυκά, thili’ka) and neuter (ουδέτερα, u’δetera). 11 (73x) ἀβραὰμ Abraham, Masculine noun. Learn greek feminine nouns with free interactive flashcards. 2419 (83x) ἱερουσαλήμ Jerusalem, Feminine noun. Natural gender is simply the gender of a person, animal or character. Here are some English nouns: book, person, chewing-gum, country, county, city, road, field, justice, peace, language, concept, man, woman, god, programmer, linguist. Part of Speech: Noun Case: Nominative Gender: Feminine Number: Singular Full Parsing Key Note that there is no ending (!) Although the determination of the grammatical gender of the Greek words is often arbitrary, the following rules may be applied with the necessary caution: Names … Most nouns ending in "" are masculine. The second stem, νυκτ, ends in –κτ, a stem ending that the Greeks treated as essentially the same as a palatal (-κ/-γ/-χ). Recall that the definite article in Greek must match its noun in gender, number, and case. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. Schoder and Horrigan (p. 23) say that a noun whose nominative ends in -ος, although "Three [feminine] exceptions ... will be noted in the vacabularies when they first occur." Grammatical gender is a way of categorising There are three genders in Greek: masculine (M), feminine (F) and neuter (N). Nouns, which in English are neuter, i.e., those referring to non-living things without regard to biological sex, are in Greek of the masculine, feminine or neuter grammatical gender.Thus, γύρος (=gyro) is of masculine gender, πατάτα (=potato) is of feminine gender and σουβλάκι (=souvlaki) is of neuter gender. In English, there are two articles: "the" is the definite article, and "a" is the indefinite … The gender is grammatical and often corresponds with certain word endings. Give the case(s) and number(s) for each inflected form, and provide the vocabulary entry (definite article, nominative singular, genitive singular). Feminine nouns commonly end in -η and -α. As with the masculine and feminine forms of the definite article, the neuter needs eight forms to cover the two numbers (singular and plural) and four cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative): Three rules apply to ALL NEUTER nouns in Greek, regardless of declension. Copy link. 2464 (20x) ἰσαὰκ Isaac, Masculine noun. One of the most common stem endings for NEUTER nouns of the THIRD DECLENSION is –ματ. As a result, our two nouns decline as follows (S 258; GPH p. 10): Note that the vocabulary entry for our two nouns begins with τό. _______ παῖδες ______ δαιμόνων δεικνύασι ______ ῥήματα  _______ ἄρχουσιν. –σι) results in a sigma: τ + σ = σ. Interestingly, it is also a general rule that, unlike English, only a limited number of SOUNDS may END A WORD OF GREEK ORIGIN: a vowel sound, or the consonants –ρ/-ν/-ς (ξ, ψ). NOTE: Three entries on this list have irregular nom./acc. στεῖρα. Unlike Greek nouns, adjectives have variable gender. Note the following examples: All the nouns we have so far discussed have been either masculine or feminine in gender and have used the same endings to indicate number and case. THhlykos - Θηλυκός. There is no specific rule that determines why a particular noun has a particular gender. feminine nouns end in -α, -η, most neuter nouns in -ι, -ο. Declension Nouns in principle decline in all four cases in the singular and plural number as well. 2474 (70x) ἰσραὴλ Israel, Masculine noun. medical terms with oto-. belonging to a gender category that contains (among other things) female beings. In the genitive singular, names in -ēs, parisyllabic, take -ī as well as -is. All existent patterns for feminine-gender nouns in Modern Greek are listed below. Third Declension Nouns: Stems in -ρ and -εσ, Third Declension Nouns: Stems in -ι and -υ, Participles: Aorist Active; Middle and Passive. he is happy. Let us take a look at the sound changes that occur when these sigmas are added to the stems for two feminine nouns: Note that the first stem, ἐλπιδ, ends in a dental (-τ/-δ/-θ). Nounsare words that describe people, places, or things. Even proper names are preceded by articles: ο Γιώργος (George); η Μαρία (Mary); το Λονδίνο (London). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, ἡ μυριάς -άδος ten thousand; “countless numbers”, τὸ πρᾶγμα -ατος thing; (pl.) παραίσθηση. One characteristic of Modern Greek nouns is that they are preceded by an article much more often than in English. Feminine. ΙΙ. Ναζαρέθ. Feminine nouns. Ancient Greek for Everyone by Wilfred E. Major and Michael Laughy is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. A single adjective may have masculine, feminine, and neuter forms. The NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE PLURAL also must be IDENTICAL, and end in a short –α. Those that end in -i and many that end in -a stem from the ancient first declension and have the … In our last lesson, we learned endings for nouns that were masculine. Based upon these rules, and the vocabulary entry for each, place the appropriate accent mark on each form. ὁ, ἡ δαίμων, δαίμονος (male or female) divinity. “phosphorescent” and “photo” in English. (The only exceptions to this rule are ἐκ and οὐκ!). As we know, when a sigma follows a dental, the dental disappears and the sigma remains: e.g., δ + σ = σ. belonging to a gender category that contains (among other things) female beings. Nouns are usually the most important part of … Greek Feminine. 4614 (x) σινᾶ Sinai, Neuter noun. Find more Greek words at wordhippo.com! In other words, they must be the same in gender, number, and case. Info. Greek words for feminine include θηλυκός, γυναικείος and γυναικαδέλφη. Nouns have different suffixes depending on the gender, case and number. Dēlon (but Dēlum in prose). With these sound changes in mind, note how ἐλπιδ and νυκτ decline: Note that the vocabulary entry for our two nouns begins with ἡ. The reason seems to be that neuter plurals were originally conceived to be collective nouns (S 958), much as the words army and team are collective nouns in English. ________ ὄνομα ________ ἄρχοντος ἐστὶν ________  Ἀχιλλεύς. Most feminine nouns end in -η [-i], -α [-a] and -ος [-os]. Shopping. The Noun There are three genders in modern Greek : masculine, feminine and neuter. circumstances, affairs, business, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα -όντων circumstances, property (only occurs in the plural!). Here are some examples: English Feminine. The NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR must be IDENTICAL. Watch later. added in the NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR. So it is important in this sentence to find out whatis the antecedent of the relative pronoun "which". The nouns from FSI-Greek are listed along with their definite article which gives the gender. Many names in -ēs belonging to the 3rd declension have also a genitive in -ī. Thūcȳdidēs, Thūcȳdidī (compare § 44.b). Translate the sentence into Greek. A few Greek nouns in -os, mostly geographical, belong to the second declension, and sometimes make Accusative in -on as Dēlos, Acc. A few neuter nouns of the third declension (e.g., = forrest, = meat). 28 (2x) ἁγάρ Hagar, Feminine noun. They are mostly proper names and are declined as follows in the singular, the plural, when found, being regular. Greek nouns change their endings accoring to gender, case, and number, while retaining the root of the noun unchanged. For the following sentences, provide the correct masculine definite article for each noun. For each noun, give the case and number. For the THIRD DECLENSION, feminine nouns use the same case endings as masculine nouns: As noted in our discussion of masculine nouns, two of the case endings involve adding a sigma to the stem: nominative singular = –ς, dative plural = –σι. While most second declension nouns are masculine, most first declension nouns are feminine, though a few are masculine. Greek feminine refers to female qualities attributed specifically to women and girls or things considered feminine. Most inanimate nouns ending in -η are neuter. For example, ἀνδρεία, manliness, is a grammatically FEMININE noun. III. plu. Most animate nouns ending in -η are feminine. Greek nouns are words used to name a person, animal, place, thing, or abstract ideas. Since the neuter adds no ending to the nominative and accusative singular, stems ending in –ματ drop the final –τ, in order to avoid having a word end in this letter (S 258). ________ χρήματα ________ ἄρχουσιν οὐκ ἀποδίδωσι. Greek nouns of the 2nd declension end in -os, -ōs, masculine or feminine, and in -on neuter. “hydr-” words in English (dehydrate, hydrogen). An adjective uses masculine endings if it modifies a masculine noun, feminine endings if it modifies a feminine noun, and neuter endings if it modifies a neuter noun. (ονομαστική, onomasteekee)= nominative – Γεν. Now we add nouns that are FEMININE. τὸ φῶς, φωτός light (stem φωτ-); cf. (αιτιατική, eteeateekee)= accusative – Penultimate= the syllable next to the last – Antepenultimate= the Translate the sentence.